Ex-post Evaluation

1. Outline of the Project

Country:

Egypt

Project title:

Project for the Water Supply and Sewer System in Monib, Giza City (Phase 2)

Issue/Sector:

Public Works

Cooperation Scheme:

Grant Aid

Division in Charge:

Grant Aid Management Department

Total Cost:

5,890 million yen

Period of Cooperation

FY 1992, 1993-1996

Partner Country’s Implementing Organization:

Giza City

Supporting Organization in Japan:

Related Cooperation:

Grant Aid: Project for Omrania West Water Supply and Sewer Upgrading, Giza City

1-1 Background of the Project

Egypt established a long-term social development plan to last for the 20 years, from 1983 to 2003, and the second Five-Year Plan (1988-1992), in particular, prioritized the development of basic infrastructure. Giza City established a master plan for a water supply and drainage system through cooperation of countries such as Germany, Great Britain and the United States, but insufficient funds led to significant delays in getting the plan off the ground. Consequently, Egypt asked Japan and other countries for cooperation. Japan carried out the Giza City West Omrania Water Supply and Sewer Upgrading Project in 1991 through Grant Aid cooperation.

Following the success of the cooperation, the Egyptian government requested Grant Aid cooperation for the Monib area in Giza City, an area where many low-income families live, the water supply and drainage systems were not well-maintained, and the sanitary conditions were very poor.

1-2 Project Overview

The project provided Grant Aid to construct a water treatment plant in the South Giza Waterworks Station, lay down water distributing pipes, and construct a sewer station, thereby providing a water supply and drainage system in the Monib area in, Giza City, and improving the sanitary conditions in that area.

(1) Overall Goal
1) To improve sanitary conditions in Monib.
2) To revitalize the daily life and commercial activity in Monib.

(2) Project Purpose
To set up a water supply and drainage system in Monib.

(3) Outputs
1) The functions of the South Giza Waterworks Station are enhanced.
2) Water distributing pipes are laid down.
3) The functions of the Sewer Station No. 5 are expanded.

(4) Inputs
Japanese Side:
5,890 million yen
(1992D/D: 101 million yen, 1993: 1,527 million yen, 1994: 2,386 million yen, 1995: 1,562 million yen, 1996: 314 million yen)
Egyptian Side:
Land and Facilities

2. Evaluation Team

Members of Evaluation Team

JICA Egypt Office
Ex-Post Evaluation:Dr. Nader K. Wasif, SPAAC

Period of Evaluation

February 16, 2003 – March 31, 2003

Type of Evaluation:

Ex-Post Evaluation by Overseas Office

3. Results of Evaluation

3-1 Summary of Evaluation Results

(1) Impact
The coverage of the water supply in the Monib area has reached 100%, and all medical facilities, schools and government buildings are connected to the water supply and drainage network. Residents are now able to benefit from these services.

Medical data (see the Table 1 below) from the Monib area covering the period from 1997 to 2002 shows that the typhoid fever incidence rate per 100,000 people has gradually dropped from 467, with no patients after 2001. The infant mortality rate per 1,000 births remained between 15.3 and 6.3 from 1997 to 2002, and the mortality rate for children under five remained between 18.5 and 9.9 during the same period. The average mortality rates per 1,000 births for the six-year period were 11.5 and 14.5, respectively, which is extremely low compared to Egypt’s nationwide city average (37.0 and 43.0 respectively). Due to the lack of baseline data, it is not possible to be certain that all these figures have arisen from the improvement of water supply. However, the sanitary conditions in the Monib area can be assumed to have improved.

Table 1 <Health and Medical Data for the Monib Area>

(Source: Prepared from data provided by the Giza Health Directorate)
* The “city average” represents fiscal 2000 figures (Source: Egypt Population Health Study)

According to the Giza City officials, many of the public faucets used by the residents in Monib were eliminated after the project was completed. Once residents had access to the water supply in their own homes, the physical labor involved in obtaining water was greatly alleviated.

(2) Sustainability
The water supply coverage in Monib was only 55.6% in 1995, the year before the project was completed. But this had reached 93. 8% by the time the project finished in 1996 and subsequently went up to 100%.

The South Giza Waterworks Station has the water treatment facility built in the project. In addition, it has its previous water treatment facility as well as another one built with aid from France after the project. These three water treatment facilities are all run independently, supplying water to Giza City and the surrounding areas by mutually complementing each other within one water distribution network. The water treatment facilities that Japan built under the initial plan were intended to expand operations gradually, according to the increase in Monib’s population (please refer to the Table 2 below). However, since it also supplies water to areas outside of the Monib area, it was supplying about 12 million cubic meters of water a year beginning the second fiscal year after operations started. This amount was planned as the goal for the year 2010, and the facilities are running at 100% capacity at this level, but after the facility built with aid from France started operating, its relative role in the South Giza Waterworks Station was pared down.

Table 2 <South Giza Waterworks Station, Annual Results by Facility and Japan’s Plan for Aid Facilities> (Unit: 1 million cubic meters)

(Source: Based on data provided from the South Giza Waterworks Station and the JICA Basic Design Report)
* Facilities provided by Japan in FY1996 began operating in the middle of that fiscal year

The Sewer Station No.5 gradually increased the volume pumped from an average of 57,600 cubic meters per day in 1996 to 103,000 cubic meters in 2002.

The South Giza Waterworks Station of the Greater Cairo Water Supply Authority (GCWSA) did not hire new staff to replace resigned technicians, so the number of staff decreased from 261 in 1995 to 215 in 2002. In contrast, staff at the GCOD’s Sewer Station No.5 increased from 25 in 1996 to 45 in 2002. The head of the waterworks station and sewer station have reported that staffing problems have not affected operations. Both the GCWSA and GCOD have training centers and train their employees on a regular basis. It was also confirmed that the waterworks station and sewer station have manuals on hand in the workplace.

3-2 Factors that Promoted the Realization of Effects

(1) Factors Concerning the Planning N/A

(2) Factors Concerning the Implementation Process
During the project, Egypt side took the initiative in laying down distribution pipelines and feeder lines that connect each residence, and connecting distribution pipes to keep up with the increases in population and households without delay. These aspects succeeded in maintaining a 100% coverage of water supply and sewer system, and helped to ensure the outcome of project.

3-3 Factors that Impeded the Realization of Effects

(1) Factors Concerning the Planning Process N/A

(2) Factors Concerning to the Implementation Process
In the South Giza Waterworks Station and the Sewer Station No.5, the evaluation team did not find any particular problems directly inhibiting outcomes and sustainability of the project. However, as indicated in the two reports that previously evaluated the project*1, the water surcharge set by the national government is very low, and it should be noted that the revenue from these surcharges is not sufficient to ensure that the GCWSA and GCOD remain financially sustainable.
*1 “Urban Living Environment,” 1999 Economic Cooperation Evaluation Report, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; “Evaluations of Egypt’s Water Supply System,” 2001, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

3-4 Conclusion

The facilities built in the project are managed and operated properly by the staff on the Egyptian side. Since the Egyptian side acted quickly in laying down a network of water pipes in the Monib area, the residents benefited from the system immediately after the project. The improvement in water supply also greatly improved the sanitary environment of the resident.

Authorities above the implementing agency itself are not responsible for setting the water surcharge, but the Egyptian government should review this issue.

3-5 Recommendations

N/A

3-6 Lessons Learned

N/A

3-7 Follow-up Situation

N/A