Outline of the Project

Project Name

Capacity Development Project for Air Pollution Control in Kosovo

Country

Kosovo

Date R/D Signed

March 30, 2017

Project Site

Pristina Area, Drenas and Mitrovica

Term of Cooperation

From October 1, 2017 to September 1, 2020

Implementing Organization

Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (MESP)

Background

Major energy source in Kosovo is low quality lignite which is abundant. Other energy sources such as oil and gas need to be imported generating a considerable financial burden on the Kosovo economy, limiting the alternative clean energy source options. Share of the renewable energy sources including hydroelectric power is still limited and are considered as only complimentary energy sources to satisfy the electricity demand of Kosovo.

More than 8 million tons of lignite is combusted in the LCPs (Kosovo A Thermal Power Plant (hereinafter referred to as "Kosovo A") and Kosovo B Thermal Power Plant (hereinafter referred to as "Kosovo B")) every year. Though a series of emission reduction efforts at Kosovo A and B have been implemented such as improvements of ESPs (Electrostatic Precipitator) and hydraulic fly ash transportation system for dust reduction, still there remain wide gaps in Dust, SO2 and NOx emission reductions and the necessary technical capabilities of Kosovo officials concerned (hereinafter referred to as "Kosovo side") in order to satisfy the NERP requirements.

Other emission sources such as industries, household heating and auto mobiles in Pristina and its vicinity are also suspected to have considerable impacts on ground level air quality in Pristina urban area where around two hundred thousand people are living according to the census of 2011 , nevertheless those aspects until now have not been assessed based on sufficient technical grounds.Except for PM10 and PM2.5, air pollution intensity in general is still considered as modest in Kosovo. However there is a serious concern on coverage and effectiveness of the existing air quality monitoring network. And analytical capabilities of the concerned authorities need to be strengthened as per the relevant Administrative Instructions of Kosovo, in order to provide adequate information to the decision makers and the people regarding the better air quality management.

Air pollution is becoming a serious issue in Kosovo, and there is a growing concern over the health among the people. In order to tackle the issue, JICA, together with the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, has been implementing the project to improve the capacities of the Ministry and related agencies to better measure and control air pollution. As a part of the project, JICA donated to the Hydro-Meteorological Institute of Kosovo 100 technical equipment for the exhaust gas measurement and air quality measurement.

The Overall Goal

Kosovo side develops capacities for sound air pollution control and air quality management based on technical evidence.

Project Purpose

Kosovo side technical capabilities are developed to control emission sources in the Project target area

Output

1. Capabilities to elaborate emission inventory for Large Combustion Plants (LCPs) and other sources are developed at Kosovo side
2. Capabilities for emission measurements are developed for LCPs and for other sources
3. Air quality monitoring activities are sustained
4. Capabilities for relevant environmental laboratory analyses are developed for emission measurements and air quality monitoring
5. Capabilities for air quality simulation modeling are developed
6. Decision making by Kosovo side is improved based on technical evidence for air pollution control
7. Emission control measures are developed at LCPs and other stationary sources
8. Capabilities for evaluating air pollution control measures of Kosovo side are developed

Project Activities

1-1	Kosovo side with JICA Experts designates a responsible section and establishes necessary coordination with relevant agencies.
1-2	Based on analyzing existing information, Kosovo side with JICA Experts decides framework for emission source inventory in the Pristina Area.
1-3	MESP with JICA Experts makes a plan and conduct a survey for emission inventory on LCPs.
1-4	MESP with JICA Experts makes a plan and conduct a survey for emission inventory on other stationary sources.
1-5	Kosovo side with JICA Experts develops a methodology for emission inventory on other sources such as automobile and small combustion facilities, and elaborates preliminary emission inventory.
1-6	Based on activities (1-1 to 1-5) on emission sources, MESP with JICA Experts elaborates an integrated emission inventory.
2-1	MESP and relevant agencies with JICA experts acquire theoretical knowledge of on-site stack gas measurement for LCP through seminars and workshops in Kosovo and Japan.
2-2	MESP and relevant agencies with JICA experts execute on-the-job-training of on-site stack gas measurement by introducing necessary instruments including standard gases.
2-3	MESP and relevant agencies with JICA experts develop experts of on-site stack gas measurement in Kosovo.
2-4	MESP and relevant agencies with JICA experts establish an institutional framework for implementation of on-site stack gas measurement in Kosovo.
2-5	MESP with JICA experts conducts on-site stack gas measurement for LCP and other stationary emission sources, and confirms compliance with ELVs (Emission Limit Values)
3-1	MESP with JICA Experts assesses air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in Kosovo and summarizes status of analyzers and equipment.
3-2	MESP with JICA Experts prepares a plan of operation and maintenance, and a renewal plan for AQMS in Kosovo.
3-3	MESP with JICA Experts rehabilitate AQMS in the Pristina Area based on the plans (3-2).
3-4	MESP with JICA Experts prepares manuals for operation and maintenance for AQMS in the Pristina Area.
3-5	MESP with JICA Experts calibrates analyzers in AQMS in the Pristina Area based on the operation/maintenance manuals.
3-6	MESP with JICA Experts prepares a guideline for network design of AQMS in Kosovo.
3-7	MESP with JICA Experts establishes Networking among AQMS in the Pristina Area.
3-8	MESP with JICA Experts prepares SOP for ambient NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 measurement by a portable sampler for emergency needs.
3-9	MESP with JICA Experts implements measurements of ambient NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 based on SOP (1 hour average), for emergency needs.
3-10	MESP with JICA Experts utilizes results of AQMS for an annual air quality report as well as for public awareness.
4-1	MESP with JICA experts studies sampling and measurement methodologies for the LCPs.
4-2	MESP with JICA experts makes Ion Chromatograph available for analysis.
4-3	MESP with JICA experts conducts analyses by reference methods for LCPs by using Ion Chromatograph method for SO2 and NOx and atomic absorption method for Hg.
4-4	MESP with JICA experts elaborates SOPs for sampling and analyses for LCPs' stack gas.
4-5	MESP with JICA experts studies sampling and measurement methods for other stationary emission sources.
4-6	MESP with JICA experts elaborates SOPs for sampling and measurement methods for other stationary emission sources.
4-7	MESP with JICA Experts conducts Particulate Matter (PM) sampling by Hi-volume air samplers at least for 2 sampling points.
4-8	JICA Experts analyze heavy metal contents (Mn, Ni, As, Cd, Pb and Zn) in PM in laboratory in Japan
4-9	MESP with JICA Experts assesses importance and urgency of heavy metal pollution in air.
4-10	JICA experts make diagnosis on ICP-MS in KHMI laboratory for operation.
5-1	MESP and relevant agencies with JICA Experts designate responsible section for simulation model and establish necessary coordination with relevant agencies.
5-2	MESP and relevant agencies with JICA Experts collect existing data such as air quality monitoring data, meteorological data, geographical information etc.
5-3	MESP with JICA Experts analyzes and validates meteorological data for applying a dispersion simulation model.
5-4	MESP with JICA Experts analyzes and validates air quality monitoring data.
5-5	MESP with JICA Experts elaborates dispersion simulation model for the target year.
5-6	MESP with JICA Experts analyzes structure of air pollution.
5-7	MESP with JICA experts acquire theoretical knowledge of simulation model and practice simulation modeling through seminars and workshops.
6-1	Kosovo side with JICA experts reviews emission reduction measures for LCPs relating with NERP (National Emission Reduction Plan) from technical point of view.
6-2	Kosovo side with JICA experts reviews and evaluates emission reduction measures for other stationary sources from the technical point of view.
6-3	Kosovo side with JICA experts discusses relevant policy improvements based on activities 6-1 and 6-2.
6-4	Kosovo side with JICA experts disseminates relevant knowledge and information on air pollution control generated by the Project to the public through newsletter and web site etc.
7-1	Kosovo side with JICA experts analyzes the behavior of exhaust stack gas from LCPs including SO2.
7-2	JICA experts provide a seminar and a workshop to discuss emission reduction measures for LCPs and other stationary sources including fundamental theories of emission control.
7-3	Kosovo side with JICA experts implements diagnosis of LCPs' operations and elaborates operational improvements for emission reduction.
8-1	Kosovo side with JICA experts evaluates technical, economic and social viability of pollution control measures for important emission sources.
8-2	MESP and relevant agencies with JICA experts evaluates emission reduction effects of pollution control measures for important emission sources.
8-3	MESP with JICA Experts evaluates effects on air quality improvements by pollution control measures with dispersion simulation model.

Inputs

[Japanese side]

1. Dispatched Japanese Experts
   (1) Air Pollution Control
   (2) On-site Stack Gas Measurement 1
   (3) On-site Stack Gas Measurement 2
   (4) Power Plant Control (Boiler)
   (5) Power Plant Control (ESP)
   (6) Air Quality Monitoring 1
   (7) Air Quality Monitoring 2
   (8) Emission Inventory
   (9) Simulation Model
   (10) Air Quality Management Policy
   (11) Publication and Public Awareness (Citizens and related professionals in Kosovo etc.)
   Team leader and sub leader to be assigned
2. Provision of necessary equipment
3. Holding of local seminars and provision of seminar documents
4. Training course implementation in Japan
5. Car rental costs of Japanese experts

Inputs

[Kosovo side]

1. Counterpart and Counterpart Working Group Member
   (1) Assignment of C/P and C/P-WG staff
   (2) JCC Chairman
   (3) Project Director
   (4) Project Manager
   
2. Provision of necessary office space and a project office at DEP/KHMI
3. Provision of laboratory, and laboratory instruments such as microbalance, draft chamber, desiccator, oven, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Ion Chromatography etc.
4. Provision of secured storage space for procured equipment
5. Provision of place for display on air quality monitoring
6. Provision of necessary supports for on-stack measurement for LCPs and other stationary sources
7. Acquisition of permissions needed and authorization
8. Local costs
   (1) Counterpart and counterpart working group members for salaries and transportation expenses
   (2) Project administrative expenses
   (3) Seminar participants expenses for personnel travel
9. Transportation for on-site stack gas measurements equipment by Kosovo side outside of the Project activities