Ex-post Evaluation

1.1 Background of the Project

The consumption oh milk in Indonesia has increased steadily.  Milk plays a key in improving infant nutrition.  However, the production technology at the farmer level still low, because capacity of the instructors providing technical guidance to the farmers was insufficient.  As dairy cattle were poorly manage, heredity characteristic of milk cows were not being fully exhibited, and the quality of the milk secretion were extremely low. Under this circumstances, the Government of Indonesia requested the Government of Japan provide Project-type Technical Cooperation to increase the supply of high quality milk to consumers an increasing the income of the farmers.

1.2 Project Overview

This project researched and analysed the status quo of each technology for feeding and managing of dairy cattle, reproductive health management and forage production and utilization. It also transferred relevant techniques to the selected farmers in the targeted area and BPT-HMT's in Cikole and Bunikasih.

(1) Overall Goal

Dairy technology and productivity at farmer's level is improved.

(2) Project Purpose

The integrated technical services system for dairy technology is established.

(3) Outputs

(a) Technology for feeding and management for dairy cattle is improved,
(b) Technology or reproductive health management is improved,
(c) Technology for forage production and utilization is improved,
(d) Technology for technical staff as well as selected farmers is improved.

(4) Inputs

Japanese side:

Indonesian side:

3.1 Summary of Ex-Post Evaluation Result

(1) Impact

In the Cikole and Buniasih Dairy Centers, the number of claves borne is increased, while the average milk yield per head of caw has increased significantly from 7.70 litters/head/day in 1997 to be 16.86 litters/head/day in 2000 in Cikole and from 8.4 kg/head/day in 1997 to be 15.1 kg/head/day in 2000 in Buniasih. The quality of milk could be maintained well.

The dairy technology developed under the project has been adopted in farm level. The average milk yield has increase from 11 litters/day/head in 2001 to be around 13 litters/day/head in 2004. The quality of fresh milk has also improved.

From the facts, it can be concluded that the overall goal of the project to improve the dairy technology and productivity at farmer's level has been highly achieved.

The other positive impacts are increase of farmers' income from increase of yield production and better quality of milk and improve of farmer's group management and capability.

During field observation, discussion and interviews, the negative impact is negligible.

(2) Sustainability

Qualified human resources (ex-counterparts) are available in the Cikole and Bunikasih Dairy Centers. The organizations of the two centers have been developed under strong support from the Provincial Government of West Java.

In farm level, the adopted technology has been disseminated among the member of farmers' groups. The cooperation among the farmers groups has been well developed.

In view of the institutional and outcomes, the project is highly sustainable.

3-2 Factors that have promoted project in the aspect of:

(1) Impact

The institutional capacity development and the human resource capability improvement (in BPT HMT Cikole and Bunikasih) had taken a significant role in promoting the impacts. In the field level (farmers), the entrepreneurship of the farmers had a very positive power in promoting the impacts.

Beside that, the dynamic efforts of the Board of Management of the Dairy Cooperative Unit in the village had a significant role in supporting the dissemination of the appropriate technology and make it more possible to be implemented in farm level.

(2) Sustainability

The "man power capability" and "financial/economical support" are the main factors that promoted the sustainability of the project both in UPT and farm level. In farm level the economical aspect had been rather more dominant in the UPT than in farm level.

(3) Others

Since the dairy farming business need a substantial size of land to provide forage, it seems that the security of maintaining land for dairying is highly important (both in UPT as well as in farm level).

3-3 Factors that have inhibited project in the aspect of:

(1) Impact

In BPT HMT Cikole and Bunikasih: the factor that has inhibited the impact is inconsistency in providing a qualified person and maintaining all the necessary equipments in good operational performance. In the farm level, factors that had inhibited impact is the collection procedures of fresh milk and the milk pricing system (technical and economical factors).

(2) Sustainability

Analogue to the above mentioned item, the sustainability of the post project, has been also impeded by non-continuous provisions of a qualified persons and inconsistency of supporting budgets/equipments. In farm level, the status of the coordination among the farmers, dairy cooperative personnel and the PPL (Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan/Field Extension Workers) could hampered the sustainability of the post project performance.

(3) Others

The important factor that influences the impact and the sustainability of the project and post project performance is the pricing and the collecting system of the product (fresh milk). The milk produced by the farmers is mostly to be sold to the milk processing industry owned by big private company and the price is relatively low. The recent milk collecting procedures and pricing system doesn't yet give an incentive to the farmers for producing the best quality of milk that they can produce.

3-4. Conclusion

In general the impact of "Dairy Technology Improvement Project" is substantial; the sustainability of the post project is likely sustainable.  The negative impact is negligible. The economical impact had been dominant in making the post project performance to be sustainable.  As most of the dairy farmers are smallholder farmers (with the average ownership less than 5 heads of cattle / farmer), there are some problems come up such as technical problems on collecting, handling and examining the quality of milk, unfairness in individual price determination and from then on there is an unfairness in giving price to he individual farmer.  This condition will impede adopting new technology and in the long run, this could hold back the achievement of "overall" goal of the project.

3-5. Recommendations

a. The Government of Indonesia should make a consistent provision of a qualified counterparts/PPL/staff of livestock services to motivate and to guide the farmer to improve their dairy farming management through adopting appropriate dairy technology provided by ex Project. It is also recommended that such technologies should be up dated accordingly to the new mature technologies that came from the Research Institution.

b.To provide a sufficient amount of budget and improve the capacity of the counterparts personnel of BPT HMT Cikole and Bunikasih for continuing or even extending its mission as the dairy training centre not only for the national but hopefully for the regional areas as well.

c. To make a continue provision of the necessary spare parts of equipments of cooling unit, milk processing facilities, laboratories etc to make the work of UPT Cikole and Bunikasih in a good sustainable operational condition.

d. To intensify the coordination and cooperation among PPL/Staff of the Livestock services, Dairy Cooperative Units the village and key farmers to encourage the farmers to implement the appropriate dairy technology (provided by ex. Project).

e. To improve the collecting milk procedures and to revise the fresh milk pricing system so that, it will make an incentive to farmers to produce a better quality of fresh milk through the improvement of their dairy farming management.

f. The Government of Indonesia is recommended to provide a guidance and assistant to the dairy farmers (it could be as a "Small Dairy Farming Business Empowerment Program) so that the small farmers may increase their business capacity up to the economical dairy farming size.

3-6. Lesson Learned

To adopt a mature appropriate technology at the farm level by farmers, a lot of integrated consistent effort needs to be taken appropriately, such as training, guidance and monitoring time to time on the real implementation of the technology.

The most powerful motivator for the farmers in adopting the technology is financial factors, hence the dairy farming business development to realized increase of income shall be taken proportionally.

3-7. Follow-up Situation

It was interesting to note that in May 2004, the JICA and the government of Indonesia have already signed an agreement to implement "The project for Dissemination of Appropriate Dairy Technology Utilizing Local Resources". The project has started in July 2004 and will terminate on June 2007. The project covers West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, West Sumatra and South Sumatra. Hopefully through this project, the dairy technology that has already adopted by so many farmers in West Java will be extensively disseminated to the farmers in the other regencies in West Java as well as in the other 5 (five) provinces.

The lessons derived from the previous project could be used as reference and guidance for the successful dissemination of a mature dairy technology. The cooperation and coordination among Dairy Cooperative Units, PPL's, ex counterparts/staff Livestock Services in Kabupaten is very important in bringing these dairy technology dissemination succeed.